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Investigations on Rz1 resistance breaking populations of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus

  • Autor/in: Liebe, S., E. Maiss, M. Varrelmann
  • Jahr: 2021
  • Zeitschrift: Abstracts Oral Presentations and Posters Presented at the 2021 General Meeting of the ASSBT Virtual Meeting March 1 – March 4, 2021
  • Seite/n: 89-90, DOI: 10.5274/JSBR.58.1.57

Abstract

Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is a member of the genus Benyvirus in the family Benyviridae. BNYVV causes Rhizomania disease in sugar beet, which is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of lateral roots leading to a significant decrease in sugar content and massive yield losses. Therefore, all sugar beet cultivars carry the Rz1 resistance gene preventing infection with BNYVV. However, there are several reports describing the occurrence of Rz1 resistance breaking strains. The high selection pressure has lead to several mutations in the pathogenicity factor P25 at amino acid positions 67-70 (tetrade). Furthermore, an additional RNA component from the P-type (RNA5) has been associated with Rz1 resistance breaking. However, experimental studies investigating the structure of such Rz1 resistance breaking populations are rare. Therefore, soil samples infested with putative Rz1 breaking populations of BNYVV were collected from in different sugar beet growing regions in Europe. Rz1 resistance breaking was confirmed in bait plant tests conducted in the greenhouse. For each collected population, the virus type, tetrade sequence of P25 and the presence of RNA5 was determined by PCR. A reverse genetic system for sugar beet using a cDNA clone of BNYVV A-type was applied to confirm the resistance breaking ability of certain tetrade variants and RNA5. Finally, selected virus populations isolated from susceptible and Rz1 resistant genotypes were subjected to high-throughput sequencing. The present results revealed that viral populations from A, B and P type posses Rz1 resistance breaking abilities as demonstrated by bait plant tests. Depending on the population, the tetrade in P25 showed strong variability in the susceptible genotype. In contrast, populations isolated from the Rz1 resistant genotype displayed less variability in the tetrade. Furthermore, the presence of RNA5 originating from P and J type was confirmed in certain populations. Moreover, high-throughput sequencing revealed a high heterogeneity within BNYVV populations comprising RNA components belonging to different virus types. Furthermore, the tetrade of P25 seems to be genetically fixed in populations with long history of Rz1 cultivation like in the Pithiviers region in France. Finally, the resistance breaking ability of certain tetrade variants and RNA5 could be confirmed independent of the virus population by using the reverse genetic system in sugar beet. To sum up, our study provides a deep insight into BNYVV populations and their Rz1 resistance breaking abilities.
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